Hospital System Management Essays - Health, Personal Life

Medical clinic System Management Presentation Innovation in current world is progressively getting significant and essential in the lives of numerous individuals and associations. For instance, use of innovation can be refered to be in incredible use in key territories like training, amusement, promotions, banking, warehousing and wellbeing (Prakashan 2008, p. 6). Because of this, it tends to be found that for associations to prevail in present day world the part of robotization is fundamental and essential. Robotization of associations in itself is considered to assume a key job of expanding productivity in the association while simultaneously guaranteeing quality administrations that are conveyed inside the association (Prakashan 2008, p. 6). Every one of these exercises have gotten conceivable because of development and advancement of PC frameworks that are progressively getting significant inside association because of their capacity to increase the value of administrations. Distinctive PC based frameworks have been created and as of now each of them play a significant and incorporated administration job in an association. A portion of the accessible PC based frameworks that associations depend on incorporate Management Information Systems (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) that are helpful in modernizing various exercises (Prakashan 2008, p. 6). In this regard of comprehension, PC frameworks in an association that this exploration paper focuses on study medical clinic framework the board in a creating nation. Key goals to understand this include: quickly investigating on the historical backdrop of medical clinic framework the board, examination of existing emergency clinic frameworks the executives in a creating nation, clarifying how a decent framework ought to look like and ultimately, distinguishing the methods of dealing with a medical clinic framework at the point when it has been incorporated. Emergency clinic System Management: History PC frameworks have developed to get helpful in performing capacities like gathering, breaking down, putting away, recovering and showing data properly, as it might be required. Simultaneously, PC frameworks play out a significant capacity of incorporating asset streams, elements of the board authoritative working of divisions along with different advances actualized by the association. To this degree PC frameworks in an association are turning into a need that an association can't work successfully without such frameworks. In the 21st century, particularly for associations, it involves that to safeguard an fantastic execution associations will require predominant frameworks that have capacity to coordinate associations' exercises all the more viably. Medical clinic frameworks the executives has been utilized reciprocally with clinic the executives frameworks where in many books the two words have been used to mean something very similar. Additionally, examining data in many books on HSM, a dainty line that is nearly non-presence portrays HSM and medical clinic data frameworks (HIS). Along these lines, inquire about on HSM will generally be interwoven with HIS. Bookkeeping HSM history, one needs to recall that the history is to a great extent connected with the rise and improvement of the executives building in associations (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The history of the improvement of emergency clinic framework the board can be classified into four gatherings: 1950s period; 1960-1970 period; 1980s period; 1990s period and the future (present) period (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The 1950s time frame was described by development of the board designing in medical clinic where was all day work of emergency clinic the executives engineer. Further, this period was portrayed by the advancement of college programs for training and administration in the board designing and the resulting establishing of the medical clinic the board framework society (HMSS) in 1961 (Wolper 2011, p. 403). As time passed by HMSS has begun to be a participation society for larger part of data framework pros and since at that point it developed to get known as wellbeing data and the executives frameworks society (HIMSS) in the current occasions (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The period somewhere in the range of 1960s and 1970s was portrayed by expanded usage of framework assets as the board designing turned out to be more incorporated in associations. Use of frameworks supposedly was essential particularly at expanding efficiency in human services associations. During this period, the executives building got concerned with improving activities in issue offices and this included upgrading quiet affirmation forms and improving flexibly frameworks together with creating proficient representative planning frameworks (Wolper 2011, p. 403). During the 1980s time frame emergency clinic the executives framework as a youthful field kept on developing and extend. This was the period when government imminent installment framework (PPS) was created (Wolper 2011, p. 403). The goal behind this advancement was to lessen intense hospitalization that had become an incredible issue. Frameworks during this period likewise focused on emergency clinic staffing where was an enormous formation of frameworks to expand repayment. During the 1990s time frame PPS frameworks kept on being essential yet their value was exceeded by extraordinary weights to decrease social insurance costs. As an outcome, there was the improvement of an upgraded new repayment framework that could oversee care (Wolper 2011,

Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay -- African American Black Racism Essays

Martin Luther King, Jr. I HAVE A DREAM! In a time when racial separation and open bias towards African Americans in the United States was getting increasingly obvious, this basic, yet amazing explanation by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was an encouraging sign for every single African American in the nation. In his discourse, on the means of the Lincoln Memorial, Dr. Ruler communicates his disappointment that following a hundred years since the marking of the Emancipation Proclamation, African Americans are as yet treated like peons. Be that as it may, Dr. Ruler additionally communicates his expectation that business as usual will change and African Americans around the nation will be â€Å"free at last.† Dr. Ruler utilizes expressive proclamations to speak to his audience’s feelings and to see the challenges and hardships that African Americans the nation over endure all the time. Dr. Ruler utilizes sound logical gadgets to pass on his message that â€Å"all men are made equal† and that p rejudice ought not, can't proceed if the country is to succeed.      Upon opening his discourse, Dr. Lord makes reference to past occasions: the Gettysburg Address and the marking of the Emancipation Proclamation, works both by Abraham Lincoln that guaranteed that opportunity in the United States will persevere. â€Å"Five score years prior, an extraordinary American†¦ marked the Emancipation Proclamation, [which] came as an incredible encouraging sign to a great many Negro slaves.† Dr. Ruler does this so as to get a handle on his audience’s consideration and to diagram that following a century since the liberating of African American slaves, the Negro race is as yet treated no in an unexpected way. He proceeds to express that African Americans are â€Å"exiled in their own territory. Thus we’ve come here today to sensationalize a dishonorable condition.† This ground-breaking message infers that no longer will African Americans stand around while their common freedoms and human rights are stomped all ove r by racists and biased people or overlooked by the administration.      Dr. Lord utilizes meanings, words, for example, slaves, foul play, opportunity, and expectation, to speak to his audience’s feelings and to stretch the significance that open treatment of African Americans must be changed to oblige the success of our developing country. â€Å"[Negro slaves] have been burned in the blazes of wilting injustice.† â€Å"This is our hope†¦ That [whites and blacks] will have the option to support opportunity together.† He likewise utilizes connotat... ... skin yet by the substance of their character. I have a fantasy that one day†¦ minimal dark young men and dark young ladies will have the option to hold hands with minimal white young men and white young ladies. I have a fantasy today.† King likewise utilizes parallelism to stress that the country must meet up to â€Å"let opportunity ring† for each American from each edge of the nation.      Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† discourse is one of the best and most compelling addresses written in the present day. His utilization of implications, overstatement, and similitude spoke to his audience’s feeling of rationale, profound quality, and downright old good judgment â€Å"that all men are made equal† and to deny this is to prevent the goal from securing the maker. Further, Dr. King’s utilization of parallelism permitted him to drive his point across â€Å"that all men are made equivalent, that they are blessed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the quest for Happiness† and that the nation must be changed into a country of resilience, acknowledgment, and harmony. His utilization of sound expository gadgets permitted him to influence his crowd to change the â€Å"status quo† and empower all Americans to be genuinely â€Å"free at last.†

Matlab vs Octave Which One is Better Language and Why

Matlab vs Octave Which One is Better Language and Why In this blog, we are going to clear all your doubts between Matlab vs Octave. Here we go:- Meaning of Matlab Summary Meaning of MatlabUses of MatlabMeaning of OctaveUses of OctaveMatlab vs OctaveDefinitionProgrammedInterfaceRAMCostUsageUsing the Empty FileOperatorsFinal words for Matlab vs Octave MATLAB is a numerical analysis environment as well as a fourth-generation computer programming language. It was developed in 1970 by Cleve Moler, who used to be the administrator of the computer science department at the University of New Mexico. Cleve Moler always wanted to provide his students with a better method to learn linear algebra as well as matrix calculation without having the use of FORTRAN (a traditional language for computing). Uses of Matlab With the use of Matlab, you can: Analyze dataCreate models as well as ApplicationsDeveloping the use of AlgorithmMatrix Manipulation Meaning of Octave Octave is considered as a high-level interpreted programming language that is used for numerical computations. It is also an operationally critical threat, asset as well as vulnerability evaluation. Octave was originated at Carnegie Mellon University in 2001 for the Department of Defense in the United States of America. It is a set of techniques that we use for risk assessment in the area of Information Security. Uses of Octave The uses of Octave is as follows It provides a command-line interface for solving linear non-linear issues.For performing various numerical experimentsUsed for matrix computation alsoIt is used for algebraic differential equations.It is available in 19 languages. Matlab vs Octave Matlab and Octave are similar in many fields because they both are a high-level programming language. That is used in the field of computerization such as matrix calculation as well as in algorithms. Apart from this, the difference between Matlab vs Octave is as follows Definition Matlab is considered as a matrix laboratory which is known as a language used for technical computing. While Octave is a programming language that is popular for numerical programming. Programmed Matlab was written in C, C++, as well as Java. Whereas Octave was written in C, C++ as well as FORTRAN language. Interface Matlab has a better interface in comparison to Octave. RAM Matlab uses more RAM in comparison to Octave. Cost Matlab is not free, so it incurs a cost, whereas Octave is free. Usage Matlab provides an extensive set of tools to perform numerous tasks, whereas Octave depends on the syntax to perform any task. Using the Empty File While using Matlab, you cannot load any empty file, but it can be loaded in Octave. Operators Matlab doesn’t have the support of auto-increment as well as assigning operating. On the other hand, Octave is having proper support for auto-increment as well as assignment operators like i++. So, we have discussed the differences between Matlab and Octave as well as the similarity between Matlab and Octave in many ways. likewise, they both are helpful in high programming computing languages. That we used for matrix calculations as well as for other numerical factors.   Final words for Matlab vs Octave The whole study makes it clear that Octave is better than Matlab. The reason for it because Octave is free to use as well as its functions are also compatible with Matlab. It also assists some other high-programming language in making the functionality faster. We have the statics experts/specialists who can help you in assignment work for Matlab vs. Octave at some minor charges. Please give us a call in case of any problem regarding Matlab vs Octave study. Our company is providing expert service in this area. And they are sharing their knowledge in solving your issues.

An Introduction To Agriculture, Genetically Modified Crops

An Innovation to Agriculture, Genetically Modified Crops Most of the produce that are being sold in grocery stores are genetically modified; they make up about seventy to eighty percent of the produce individuals consume. These genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are â€Å"safe and nutritious as conventional crops†; however, there are many misconceptions about them (Manila Bulletin). Many people believe that the creation of the GMOs pose a threat to the wellbeing of individuals; though, GMOs are clinically proven to be highly nutritious, and are approved by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. In addition, these crops have been modified to be resistant to pests, and are able to sustain its health in various climates, making harvesting crops convenient. With this in mind, crops can be harvested all across the world and will eventually solve Earth’s major issue, world hunger. These harmless, pest resistant, modified crops not only benefit society, but also the modernized farmers. The genetically modified crops increas e the yield in crops, saving money on resources and increasing profit. There are many controversy about genetically modified crops; however, these crops are proven to be beneficial and are necessary to our society. A common misconception regarding genetically modified crops is that it is not safe for humans to digest and can be life threatening. Those who are skeptics about this scientific breakthrough are usually misinformed, or have bias against GMOs. ForShow MoreRelatedGenetically Modified Crops1056 Words   |  5 Pagesmany countries. If these countries were to embrace genetically modified crops, the citizens would have much better lives. According to Osakabe, Yuriko, Kajita, and Osakabe, in their article â€Å"Genetic Engineering Of Woody Plants: Current And Future Targets In A Stressful Environment†, genetic engineering in plants is better than traditional breeding methods because â€Å"†¦they bypass the long generation for breeding†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (106). Genetica lly modified crops have been given the best genes for survival, quicklyRead MoreWar Over What We Eat1576 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 1102 16 November 2014 War over What We Eat Introduction/Thesis Genetically modified organisms (GMO) are an organism whose genome has been engineered in the laboratory in order to favor the expression of desired physiological traits or the production of desired biological products according to the Encyclopedia Britannica. In grocery stores in the United States, as much as 70 percent of the processed food may contain genetically modified organisms. The same cannot be said for the EuropeanRead MoreGenetically Modified Crops Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically Modified Crops 1. Introduction It is ironic that some individuals, strongly supporting fresh, organic natural vegetables to be delivered to their dinner tables, enjoy purchasing genetically modified crops that make their lives easier. The United States of America is one of the most prominent countries where genetically modified crops are widely adopted, in contrast to Europe where genetically modified food has never gained approval from the public, and Japan where no genetically modifiedRead MoreDiscussion About Genetically Modified Foods1529 Words   |  7 Pagesencourage or ban genetically modified foods Discussion about Genetically Modified Foods Outline Introduction a. The genetically modified foods are a long issue which is widely debated. b. People feel confused about their safety. I. Views a.) Magana-Gomez’s argument. b.) He argues that negative effects of GM food were identified â€Å"at molecular and microscopic levels†. c.) Curieux-Belfond CL contends that the benefits of genetically modified foods far outweighRead MoreThe Effects of Genetic Engineering on Agriculture Essay1291 Words   |  6 Pagesanimal or plant. These new organisms will express the required trait for that gene. This practice is a very controversial topic within the scientific world. It is being implemented in various areas such as agriculture even though there are many alternatives that can be found for genetic engineered crops, such as organic materials and reducing leeching of the soil. The controversy regarding this practice occurs as it is believed to contribute both negative and positive implications and dangers, not onlyRead MoreGenetically Modified Crop Plants1593 Words   |  7 PagesGene Therapy: Genetically Modified Crop Plants Coward Introduction to Biology - SCI 115 Professor Johnson March 4, 2014 Genetically modified organisms have become a standard rather than an exception in America. Since their introduction in the 1990’s, genetically modified (GM) products have conquered agriculture in the United States and hold a large share of the food on American’s plates. (Dupont) Everyone has been exposed to it whether they knowRead MoreIt’S Likely That You See Them Every Day, And Even Eat Them1736 Words   |  7 Pageshearing the words Genetically Modified Organism, or GMO, causes a feeling of uneasiness with most consumers. Much of society seems to think of genetically modified organisms as a completely unnatural and twisted presence in nature. However, the presence of GMOs has led to groundbreaking discoveries that are offering solutions to many of humanity’s biggest issues. We all know that food is crucial to human existence. Therefore, each and every one of us rely on sustainable agriculture. The United NationsRead MoreShould We Produce Genetically Modified Food?897 Words   |  4 PagesShould we produce genetically modified food? As we know genetic modification has been very widely used now in agriculture for a long time. In the market most of the food may contain an ingredient from genetically modified crops. According to a Center for Food Safety report, currently, up to 92% of U.S. corn is genetically engineered (GE), as are 94% of soybeans and 94% of cotton (cottonseed oil is often used in food products). It has been estimated that upwards of 75% of processed foods on supermarketRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms Are Better Than Organic Products1229 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Stop fearing Genetically Modified Organisms Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to consume and support Genetically modified products. Central Idea: Genetically modified organisms are better than organic products. Introduction I. Attention: What you had for lunch today? The DNA of that food? That was completely altered with. II. Audience connection/credibility: You have all heard the rumors about genetically modified food you are eating. Some of you may have beenRead MoreEssay Genetically Modified Foods1678 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Let’s face it, the term genetically modified (GM) foods is not the most appetizing word in the English language and neither is the term genetically engineered foods for that matter. Whether or not you realize it, you have consumed at least one product that contains genetically modified foods. These â€Å"modified foods† are hiding all over your supermarkets and in some instances, there is no way to tell just by looking at it. But, they have been around for more than two decades and it has

Greatest Scientific Discoveries - 1647 Words

Antibiotics Antibiotics transformed medicine. The discovery of antibiotics began by accident. On the morning of September 3rd, 1928, Professor Alexander Fleming was having a clear up of his cluttered laboratory. Fleming was sorting through a number of glass plates which had previously been coated with staphyloccus bacteria as part of research Fleming was doing. One of the plates had mould on it. The mould was in the shape of a ring and the area around the ring seemed to be free of the bacteria staphyloccus. Further research on the mould found that it could kill other bacteria and that it could be given to small animals without any side-effects. However, within a year, Fleming had moved onto other medical issues and it was ten years later†¦show more content†¦They wanted to devise an inter-networking system (or internet) whereby different networks could ‘talk’ to one another. Arpanet devised TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). This was a set of rules fo r communication between networks. The Internet became a network of networks. Only the military stayed outside of this for security reasons. In 1988, there were 50,000 computers attached to the Internet. By 1991, there were 1 million. However, it was difficult to access the information contained on the Internet as the system had little organisation. This problem was solved by Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist studying at a research facility in Switzerland. He invented a method of organising information which he called the world-wide-web (www). His system linked documents from different sources and guided users to related information. The www was first used by the public in 1991 and it allowed the transfer of text, sound, images and video clips. Above all else, it was simple to use. In 1998, 130 million people were using the Internet and the figure continues to grow annually. The Jet Engine Sir Frank Whittles jet engine transformed travel. The jet engine has allowed millions of people now to do something that was barely thinkable just 70 years ago - crossing the Atlantic at speed. The Wright’s may have invented the first real aeroplane, but the credit for the invention of the jet engine goes to Sir Frank Whittle. In 1937 heShow MoreRelatedNeanderthals : The Greatest Of Scientific Discovery1607 Words   |  7 PagesNeanderthals, mankind’s assumed ancestral brute for the ages, were the pinnacle of scientific discovery since many of their redeeming qualities were highly underestimated. Originally classified in the species Homo as Homo neandethalensis after the first specimen was found in the Neanderthal Valley in Germany. Neanderthals roamed the lands of Western Europe from 250,000 years ago to about the time H. sapiens came of the scene in 39,000 years ago. When the word Neanderthal first comes to mind, it sRead MoreThe Scientific Revolution Of Western Civi lizations954 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the seventeenth century, the scientific revolution in Europe was at its peak, changing people’s lives through the new techniques of the scientific method. Citizens of western civilizations had previously used religion as the lens through which they perceived their beliefs and customs in their communities. Before the scientific revolution, science and religion were intertwined, and people were taught to accept religious laws and doctrines without questioning; the Church was the ultimate authorityRead More Scientific Developments During the Renaissance Essay1328 Words   |  6 PagesScientific Developments During the Renaissance Historians often refer to the renaissance as a Scientific Revolution. It was during this period that Nicolas Copernicus first suggested the revolution of the Earth around the Sun. This was groundbreaking, as previous to this it was generally thought that the Earth was stationary, and all the planets, including the Sun, orbited the Earth. It was also Copernicus theory that directly led to the discoveries of Kepler, Galileo and Newton. It couldRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesOf all of the early scientists of the scientific revolution I am most impressed by Sir Isaac Newton. Newton is important because he contributed more to the development of science than any other person in history. Isaac Newton is remembered as the greatest scientific genius who ever lived. His discoveries about physics, light, and mathematics changed the world. I am even more impressed by what he overcame to reach his goals. He came to surpass even his own expectationsRead More The Union of Science and Religion through Isaac Newton Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesIntrigued by the universe that God created, Newtons faith inspired him to make many of the greatest scientific discoveries in the history of man. Newton discovered gravity, explained the motion of planets, and knew how to turn white light into a rainbow. He wrote one of the greatest scientific works of all time: The Principia. Newton believed that religion and science went hand in hand and did his scientific work to bring light to the creation of God. He wanted to leave a lasting impression of theRead MoreYu Sun Park. Dr. Murphy. Lab Section 4. Discovery Of Dna1394 Words   |  6 PagesYu Sun Park Dr. Murphy Lab section 4 Discovery of DNA double helix: Related to both Scientific and Humane Aspects DNA, the molecule of life that carries genetic information in humans and almost all other organisms, has been considered as one of the greatest discoveries until now. If DNA could not have been discovered, we would not be able to do or test numerous things such as paternity test and pathological confirmation. There are four main scientists who contributed their lives, knowledge, andRead MoreThe Battle Of Vimy Ridge1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe first major event that impacted Canada’s legacy, as a whole, was the sacrificial battle of Vimy Ridge. Vimy Ridge was proven to be essential to the foundation of Canada as it signified the birth of a new nation and it was considered to be the greatest battle fought, in World War One. Firstly, the Battle of Vimy Ridge established Canada’s emergence as a newly born nation from under the shadow of Britain and gave a verification of Canada’s prominence on the international level. For instance, afterRead MoreThe Genius Of Sir I saac Newton1687 Words   |  7 Pagesand water clocks. Isaac’s grandparents sent him to king’s school in grantham. At the age of eighteen, Newton attended Cambridge. He was a major contributor to the scientific revolution alongside numerous other great scientists in his day. He was a brilliant man filled with many brilliant observations who dwelled very much on his discoveries thinking of what is yet to come as he once said â€Å"To myself I am only a child playing on the beach, while vast oceans of truth lie undiscovered before me.†, althoughRead MoreGalileo Essay833 Words   |  4 PagesThe scientific revolution was one of the greatest times in the 16th century and its ideals have proved to last to this very day. The great minds of the scientific revolution brought forth new concepts and vastly complex while each one is rooted in a basic fundamental. Some of these ideas and fundamentals were of the outside world, aka space, the planet and the stars, motion, and physics. One of the best minds of this time was, of course, Galileo Galilei. This great astronomer was a marvel at hisRead MoreThe Role of Research and Statistics in the Field of Psychology1358 Words   |  6 Pagesstatistics methods have become abundant in methodology. Because of such, research collection and experimentation approaches of researchers and Psychologists, greatly vary in specificity. However, one method reigns true and consistent, and that is the Scientific Method; of which will be further explored. This paper will discuss and make sense of the roles in which both research and statistics play in the field of Psychology, and the procedures in which such methods are conducted will be defined. This will

Principles of Conditioning Free Essays

Needs and drives, what exactly are they and what do they have to do with dogs/dog training? A need or drive is a type of motivation that describes the behaviors dogs show during training. Needs can be something as obvious as water or food, all the way to behaviors that serve no clear physical need at all (ex play behavior). Dog training is all about arranging matters so the dog’s yearnings are met when they perform the desired action. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles of Conditioning or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before any of this can take place you must ensure all of the dog’s primary needs are met. The dog needs to be in a healthy state, be happy, and have a good emotional connection to the trainer, also known as rapport. There are two types of drives, primary and secondary. Primary drives are the drives that are a necessity for ensuring your dog stays alive and healthy (i. e. thirst and hunger). If these drives are not met it can lead to injury or death. Secondary drives include all of the motivations that make a dog behave the way it does. They are not as necessary for the life and health of a dog, but are still very important. 1) Primary drives: ) Oxygen: i) Quite simply, the dog needs oxygen to survive. Many things your dog does increase the oxygen that they consume, which results in panting. Panting is also a way that your dog expels excess heat. Heavy panting can interfere with the sense of smell (olfactory). b) Thirst: ii) The need for water. It’s important to maintain your dog’s hydration level so it does not interfere with training. Also water cannot be u sed as a reward for the dog. c) Hunger: iii) Just like oxygen and water, food is also a very important part in keeping your dog happy and healthy. Though, unlike water food can be used as a reward, normally in the form of a treat. The dog should not eat if it has recently been doing intense physical activity, particularly in hot conditions. d) Drive to avoid pain and discomfort: iv) Dogs are a very intelligent species and learn very quickly, especially when there is a pain factor involved. They will avoid performing actions that they have learned cause them pain. Thus why handlers will inflict a type of discomfort when the dog disobeys or performs an action incorrectly. I. e. f you command the dog to sit but they ignore, or perform an incorrect action the handler will give a physical correction (command avoidance) that inflict pain upon the dog. In this process the dog is learning that if it does not sit like it has been taught it will be corrected (punished). Before you can use this type of training you must ensure that the dog knows the desired response. 2) Secondary drives: e) Socialization: v) This is basically the same as the dogs pack drive. One of the dog’s strongest drives is to have a social relationship with other dogs or humans. It needs to be a stable relationship in which the dog trusts or has affection for it’s companion. Though this is not an instantly created bond, it is extremely important for the handler to build rapport with the dog. Walking, feeding, grooming, or just playing with the dog for a period of time can build this relationship. Building rapport is very important to the successfulness of the team. Socialization is made up of two sub-types, alpha and beta. (1) Alpha is what the dog initially wants to be. It’s instinct for dogs to want to have supremacy or dominance in a relationship. 2) Beta is when the dog is submissive, and allows others to be in control and dominant. This is what you want your dog to be as a handler. This is because the dog will show willingness or motivation to please the handler by completing actions that the handler commands. f) Play socialization: vi) Play socialization does not clearly serve any important needs, but it is important to incorporate fun pl ay into the relationship between handler and dog. g) Prey drive: vii) This is the dog’s natural instinct to attack, bite, and carry anything the dog sees as prey. This can be another animal or object. What a dog would do to a rabbit, can be initiated by throwing a ball in most circumstances. This predatory instinct is very important in dog training, especially in controlled aggression. h) Aggression: viii) This includes any behaviors such as biting, growling, and fighting when used to compete with others for resources (food/water) or to protect them selves when felt threatened. Dominant, defensive, and pain-elicited aggression are all a vital role in motivating dogs in patrol training or rewarding them with a bite. How to cite Principles of Conditioning, Papers

Revolution in Tunisia

â€Å"Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali was born on 3 September 1936 in Hammam-Sousse, Tunisia† (Pierre para 1). In his teenage, Ben Ali got into the anti-French independence Neo-Destour movement. This made him be expelled from the schools that were under the management of the French. Ben Ali involvement with the Neo-Destour movement earned him a scholarship at a military school in France after Tunisia got independence in 1956 (Pierre para 2).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revolution in Tunisia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On returning to Tunisia, he joined the military security in 1964-1974, where he was the head of Tunisian military security. Ben Ali then quickly rose to the ranks and became the general in the year 1979, then the Tunisian ambassador to Poland in 1980 and the Head of national security. He then became the minister of interior in 1986. In 1987, Ben Ali was then appointed prime minister by the p resident. His appointment in October 1987 later led to the ousting of president Habib Bourguiba in November 1987 after a successful coup d’ etat. Ben Ali then assumed the position of the presidency (Pierre para 2). During Ben Ali’s twenty three year rule (1987 -2011), he first claimed to ease up on stern political measures concerning opposition movements, particularly the Mouvement des Dà ©mocrates Sociaux (MDS; Social Democratic Movement) and the MTI. His interest in multiparty system led to the signing of the national pact with opposition leaders in 1988. Human rights activists, Islamic, and opposition leaders increased protests over the years since Ben Ali took power as president over his oppressive leadership. He manipulated and controlled the politics through his Constitutional Democratic Rally party. The key positions in the state and local government were held by the CDR party. Ben Ali put into place changes in the constitution to ensure his presidency could be extended without limit through his party which held most of the parliamentary seats. He also allowed a few political parties and imposed strict rules and regulations to minimize opposition to his rule. His political party constantly held majority of the seats in the lower parliament during his political tenure; the ruling party had constantly won elections with a great majority over the five terms. Hizb An-Nahdah, (Renaissance Party), an Islamist opposition which rose in the 1990’s led by Rashid Ghannouchi was banned and branded a terrorist organization. The Islamist opposition was believed to be a terrorist organization which was pushing for the establishment of an Islamist state according to the United States State Department in 2003. Ben Ali pushed the passing of the anti-terrorism law in 2003, leading to arbitrary arrests and cases of torture (Pollock para 9).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Repression was a major crisis faced in the country. Ben Ali often controlled the news and information in and out of the country. Journalists and human rights activists were constantly the target of police brutality and were subjected to surveillance by intelligence services. Foreign journalists were often accompanied by an official from the Tunisian Agency for External Communication – this was done to control news and information flowing out of the country through any means including the internet. Despite the repressions, Ben Ali was still influential to the international organization due to his zero tolerance towards terrorism (Bembo para 7). The first lady self proclaimed herself as the Arab’s most successful female politician. She frequently headed charitable foundations and promoted women rights. Ben Ali’s entire extended family – the Trabelsis, dubbed â€Å"the Mafia† and his associates indulged in lavish lifestyle s at the expense of many ordinary Tunisians. The Trabelsis openly engaged in corruption that led the North African country’s economy down to its knees. Ben Ali’s wife was known to be a shopaholic with frequent visits to western countries with private jets. Investors in Tunisia feared the long arm of the first family- they often took they want, most business deals did not go through without the involvement of the first family in the country. Bribes were also collected for those who operated businesses in Tunisia. The Trabelsis owned extensive wealth including an airline, hotels, two radio stations, food distributions and more which are both locally and foreign owned. The Trabelsi’s was cited as the nexus of Tunisian corruption. The Arab idiom – â€Å"The straw that broke the camel’s back† which means a pile of small things which causes failure. In Ben Ali’s fall, his involvement in corruption openly, nepotism and the flagrant abuse pow er and the system led him to his demise. Ben Ali had become a dictator to the Tunisians. His extended family’s brutality and economic crimes had gradually angered Tunisians over the years. Saad Djebbar an Arab political analyst said that â€Å"Ben Ali was so arrogant that he undermined his own power base, alienating supporters in the party and the business community† (Zisenwine para 3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revolution in Tunisia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The conditions in Tunisia led to ousting of Ben Ali – the high levels of unemployment, poverty, corruption and repression provoked Tunisians to detach themselves from Ben Ali’s oppressive leadership. During his presidency, he continually increased his internal security apparatus to neutralize any plausible threat. Intelligence was gathered through phone – tapping and the belligerent were threatened, beaten and assassinated. Tunisia’s revolution might have been started by Mohammed Bouazizi who was aged 26 on 17th December 2010; he was selling produce illegally to provide for his family. When he was shut down for lacking a permit and he protested through self-immolation. This made Mohammed a martyr hence inspiring public protests against the government. Cases of Self – immolation and other forms of suicide become rampant over the months stirring more public protests. As the government tried to crack down on the protestors by arresting and killing them, the crowds only grew more rapidly. Reports by the Tunisian government confirmed that at least 21 people were killed during the protests. Although the demonstrations were peaceful at that time, the police used excessive force to try to quell the protests. Soon the trade union movement joined in the protests; this stirred the repressive response of the police resulting to more killings due to the union’s involvement. The u nion eventually embarked on a general strike which paralyzed Tunisia’s economic activities (Pierre para 4). Media played a great role in the revolution of Tunisia and other North African countries. The ousting of Ben Ali was facilitated by the media through unearthing the real conditions in Tunisia. Most Tunisians were not conversant with the popular websites like Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, Google, CNN and Aljazeera before. The internet’s gain in popularity all over the world created a platform for the Tunisians to express their views and grievances. The advancement in mobile phone technology propelled the easy access and flow of information. The use of camera phones and the internet exposed the injustices instigated by Ben Ali’s government. Before Tunisia’s election in 2009, Ben Ali’s blocked Facebook for two weeks to minimize the spread of information. Online censorship was frequently used to control information. Facebook and Twitter were used to circulate videos of each demonstration and to schedule the next demonstration. The internet successfully encouraged the ousting of Ben Ali. It made it difficult for Ben Ali to control information in the media. Therefore the media was able to expose the repressive nature of his administration especially the Aljazeera, which played a bigger role in covering the news in the early stages of Tunisia’s revolution (Pollok para 5-7).Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More After Ben Ali’s exposure, the international organization started withdrawing support from him. He had a good relationship with the United States of America since he was known for his strong fight against terrorism, this earned him leniency in the international organization. In June 2008, the US congress donated aid to Tunisia and noted that the repression, restriction on political freedom and human rights violations were of concern for the relationship of both countries to strengthen. Later, president Obama said that he congratulated the Tunisian people for their â€Å"courage and dignity†. The U.S. offered a hidden helpful hand in the ousting of Ben Ali; they planned, oversaw and directed the revolution (Pollock para 9). At the beginning of January 2011, Ben Ali grew cold feet when more protesters sporadically joined the streets in the capital Tunis. More deaths occurred when Snipers situated on roof tops and the army in the capital city killed the protesters. On the 13th of January 2011, the army withdrew from Tunis and consequently the Central Intelligence Agency called for the overthrow of Ben Ali. Ben Ali and his family eventually left the country on the 14th January 2011 to seek refuge in Saudi Arabia. His family owned a lot of wealth which they got through a series of organized corruption. â€Å"They bled the country systematically† (Pierre para 7) says Nicolas Beau, co-author of the Regent of Carthage. Ben Ali’s family constantly acquired wealth illegally and transferred the ill-obtained wealth abroad during his presidency. The French media reported that Ben Ali’s wife withdrew bars of gold from a bank in Tunisia before leaving the country. Most countries abroad have frozen assets belonging to Ben Ali’s family and allies since his exile. Some of his relatives were caught with cash and jewelry while they tried to leave at the airport. Tunisia’s ousting of Ben Ali paved way to the second stage of the count ry’s revolution. Tunisia had a long list of pressing matters and among these were the questions on how to address these matters as they push for stability within the country. These questions included issues regarding the political system along with initiating a reconciliation process to unite diverse political and social currents, and the issue of unemployment and corruption in the country. Indeed, Tunisia needed a ‘savior’ to salvage the country from the abyss which Ben Ali and his regime had thrown the country into. An interim government was set up to lead the country. It immediately issued arrest warrants to Ben Ali and his family. In addition, his close associates were also detained. Although the interim government was in place, a few ministers and other loyalists of Ben Ali still held key positions in the interim government. These still fuelled a few protests over Tunisia’s revolution (Freeman para 2). They were undoubtedly enough reasons to make the Tunisian’s protest even after the ousting of Ben Ali. Zisenwine (para 4) states in his article â€Å"An early step by the interim government to enhance national reconciliation† showed that the government’s interest in addressing public grievances. A three day national mourning for those who lost their lives during the protests was set up and the announcement of compensation of lost property during the riots was also made. This further showed the interim government’s commitment for revolution of Tunisia. Former political prisoners were released and leaders in exile accepted back to the country, including the leader of the â€Å"Renaissance Movement.† The interim government provided a roadmap to a free and fair election in October 2011. Previous holders of ministerial positions were replaced from the interim government due to the public’s unrest. This would go a long way in building public trust in the interim government. The government establ ished a 10-year vision for political action, as well as a 5-year economic revival program. Experts were allowed to manage the social and economic projects to tackle issues of employment, security, health and poverty with the new government. Revolutionaries were concerned mainly on drafting a new constitution which would protect their rights, which included a fresh electoral law, a free press and a good political system for the country (Bembo para 5). Tunisia for the first time held a â€Å"free and fair election† in October 2011 since Ben Ali’s rule. Tunisia’s relation with the international partners has continued and a sense of freedom in the country is imminent. Most injustices have been addressed including the president’s term limits, a steady political freedom, a free press and an establishment of good economic policies. Works Cited Bembo, Pietro. Biographical highlights. The world’s perspective. 2011. Web. Freeman, Colin. â€Å"Tunisiaâ€℠¢s first family.† The Telegraph, 16 Jan 2011. Web. Pierre, Tristam. â€Å"Profile: Tunisia’s Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali.† Middle East Issues. 2011. Web. Pollock, John. â€Å"Green Revolutionary,† a profile of Norman Borlaug. Technology Review, January/February 2011. Web. Zisenwine, Daniel. Telaviv Notes: An update on Middle Eastern developments. Moshe Dayan Center. March 27, 2011. Web. This essay on Revolution in Tunisia was written and submitted by user Arabella T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

New York City The Financial Capital of the World

New York City The Financial Capital of the World unlike some of the lesser-known cities in this series, you probably don’t need to be sold on the professional and cultural advantages of   new york city. but as a reminder, here’s what’s great!culturemuseums:  they’re here, and they’re abundant: from the met to the folk art museum and weird ones like the morbid anatomy museum in brooklyn, if someone important made it, chances are we display it somewhere  in this city.theater: in addition to the fancy bright lights of broadway (hamilton is playing here and only here, just saying) and their attendant ticket prices, there are also discount tickets and off-broadway theaters offering accessible and once-in-a-lifetime shows for snobs and populists alike.music: from the grittiest underground club to dizzy’s jazz supper club at lincoln center, there are options for even the pickiest listener every night of the week.food: when people coming to the city for the first time ask me for restaurant re commendations, i just sort of laugh. there are way too many choices to offer up one option that will suit everyone. my favorite is butter midtown, alex guarneschelli’s masterpiece on 46th st, for the record. we have every cuisine you can imagine at every possible price point, from the $2 gourmet food truck special to the $$$$$ plate at [insert exclusive fancypants resto here]. periodic restaurant weeks offer prix fixe tastes to those of us with smaller wallets.job forecastaccording to the bureau of labor statistics, the top 5 industries in new york are:financial services (duh, didn’t you guys listen to hamilton yet?)health care,  especially providing assisted living services for seniorsprofessional, scientific and technical servicesretail trade and food service.  it’s a tough climate, but if you can find your audience, it can be a resilient and rewarding field.manufacturing,  particularly electronics and apparelwhile the cost of living is intense (weâ€⠄¢re always ranked in the top 5 most expensive cities in the  nation, if not higher), new york is also home to a vibrant community of freelancers and self-employed creative types, from graphic designers to copyeditors. we make our workaday homes in coffee shops and coworking co-ops, and utilize nyc’s expansive (though occasionally dysfunctional) public transit to get from place to place so we can read on the train.housing outlookas manhattan’s up-and-coming neighborhoods in this year’s roundup for aspiring buyers included jackson heights, jamaica, and ridgewood in queens; kensington, bay ridge, and sunset park in brooklyn; washington heights in manhattan; and the south bronx. new york magazine also recommends renting in ditmas park in brooklyn, sunnyside in queens, cliffside park and bloomfield in new jersey, st. george in staten island, and hudson heights in way-uptown-manhattan.nyc may not make sense for every professional or up-and-comer, but if you’ re willing to broaden the scope of your housing search and make up for the expense of, well, everything with the availability of free, cheap, and discounted cultural abundance- it may be the city you’ve been waiting for.

Sun Tzu Biography

Sun Tzu Biography Sun Tzu and his Art of War are studied and quoted in military strategy courses and corporate boardrooms around the world. There’s just one problem – we aren’t sure that Sun Tzu actually existed! Certainly, someone wrote a book called The Art of War several centuries before the common era. That book has a singular voice, so it is likely the work of one author and not a compilation. That author also appears to have had significant practical experience leading troops into battle. For simplicity’s sake, we will call that author Sun Tzu. (The word Tzu is a title, equivalent to sir or master, rather than a name - this is the source of some of our uncertainty.) Traditional Accounts of Sun Tzu According to traditional accounts, Sun Tzu was born in 544 BCE, during the late Spring and Autumn Period of the Zhou Dynasty (722-481 BCE). Even the two oldest known sources about Sun Tzus life differ as to his place of birth, however. Qian Sima, in the Records of the Grand Historian, claims that Sun Tzu was from the Kingdom of Wu, a coastal state that controlled the mouth of the Yangtze River during the Spring and Autumn Period. In contrast, the Spring and Autumn Annals of the Lu Kingdom state that Sun Tzu was born in the State of Qi, a more northerly coastal kingdom located approximately in modern Shandong Province. From about the year 512 BCE, Sun Tzu served the Kingdom of Wu as an army general and strategist. His military successes inspired him to write The Art of War, which became popular with strategists from all seven rival kingdoms during the Warring States Period (475-221 BCE). Revised History Down through the centuries, Chinese and then also western historians have reconsidered Sima Qians dates for Sun Tzus life. Most agree that based on the specific words he uses, and the battlefield weapons such as crossbows, and the tactics he describes, The Art of War could not have been written as early as 500 BCE. In addition, army commanders during the Spring and Summer Period were generally the kings themselves or their close relatives - there were no professional generals, as Sun Tzu appears to have been, until the Warring States Period. On the other hand, Sun Tzu does not mention cavalry, which made its appearance in Chinese warfare around 320 BCE. It seems most likely, then, that The Art of War was written sometime between about 400 and 320 BCE. Sun Tzu probably was a Warring States Period general, active about one hundred or one hundred and fifty years after the dates given by Qian Sima. Sun Tzus Legacy Whoever he was, and whenever he wrote, Sun Tzu has had a profound influence on military thinkers over the past two thousand years and more. Tradition avers that the first emperor of unified China, Qin Shi Huangdi, relied on The Art of War as a strategic guide when he conquered the other warring states in 221 BCE. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 CE) in Tang China, fleeing officials brought Sun Tzus book to Japan, where it greatly influenced samurai warfare. Japans three reunifiers, Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu, are said to have studied the book in the late sixteenth century. More recent students of Sun Tzus strategies have included the Union officers pictured here during the American Civil War (1861-65); Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong; Ho Chi Minh, who translated the book into Vietnamese; and US Army officer cadets at West Point to this day. Sources: Lu Buwei. The Annals of Lu Buwei, trans. John Knoblock and Jeffrey Riege, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. Qian Sima. The Grand Scribes Records: The Memoirs of Han China, trans. Tsai Fa Cheng, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 2008. Sun Tzu. The Illustrated Art of War: The Definitive English Translation, trans. Samuel B. Griffith, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

China and Mao Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

China and Mao - Essay Example This is because there were frequent power struggles between different parties such as Hua Guofeng and Deng Xiaoping, who presented different ideologies on how China should progress. The reason for the differences in opinion and power struggles lies in political and economic state of the country, where Mao’s policies included controlling the economy of the nation, while reformists worked towards changing and bringing everything back to the people hence the different factions (Eastmarsh, 1980). With the above, reforms began trickling in as power was returned to the people and the leaders were denied of certain powers, where absolute decision making no longer lay with them. Instead, democracy started taking root as Deng, and communism ceased to be a full recognizable system and became a concept that was used to show how different the Chinese system of politics is different from that of the western world (Eastmarsh, 1980). Free speech has always been a social concern in China, where freedom of expression is not widely practiced to date following the declaration of Mao’s â€Å"hundred flowers speech† which was then used against scholars who came up with schools of thought differing from those of his government (Allen, 2011). This is because the scholars were met with violent and extensive suppression, including re-education. After Mao’s death, free speech continued to be a problem because it only indicating the possibility of social unrest, in which case different ideas critiqued the government and political leaders negatively. As a result, freedom of speech has been widely denied to the Chinese people to date. Another way in which free speech remains elusive is following Mao’s declaration of â€Å"hundred flowers speech†, which was used as an offensive strategy to lure out scholars who were against government policies. This made the

Authentic Counselor Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Authentic Counselor - Coursework Example Such counselors require certain qualities such as having a good sense of who they are, what they are dealing with and be aware of their shortcomings and care about the needs of their clients. There are characteristics in authentic counseling, which include honesty and willingness for the participants to accept and admit when they are wrong (Scott, 2012). Other characteristics that are necessary are asking sincere questions, listening actively and emphasizing. An authentic counselor must have an identity, appreciate, and respect him or herself. They must recognize and accept their power and be open-minded to change, feeling alive, having a sense of humor, and making appropriate decisions. Authentic counselors must be able to live in the present, appreciate culture, have an interest in other people’s welfare, and find value in their work, which enables them to create healthy relationships with their clients (American Counseling Association, 2014).. An authentic counselor means someone who is real and honest with his or her clients. This means that something that is real is something that is valuable or rare therefore clients should be able to value their counselors and therefore find worth in their

Hester vs. the Community in The Scarlet Letter Essay examples -- Scarl

Hester vs. the Community in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter seems to be created around Hawthorne's obsession with the forbidding quality of the scarlet "A", the symbol from which the novel takes its title. Rrom the rose-bush which Hawthorne selects a flower from as an offering to the reader(1) to the "elfish" child Pearl, every aspect of the story is drenched in this letter's scarlet hue. Perhaps this repetition reflects Hawthorne's own repressed desires, as some critics suggest(2). However, what seems more compelling is the function which the symbol serves for Hester Prynne and the community which has condemned her. For Hester the symbol is clearly a literary one; she fashions the scarlet "A" to fulfill the function of telling, in one solid image, her story of sorrow and strength. For the Puritan community the symbol does not lead to truth, but rather conceals it. They place their fears and darkest imaginings into this brand. Hawthorne's possible artistic obsession brings to l ife a tortured woman, and the torment of the society that inflicts her punishment.    Freudian symbolism must be differentiated from literary symbolism in order to form a deeper understanding of the symbolic scarlet "A" conceived as a punishment by a Puritan society's desire to uphold its truths, but brought into physical existence by Hester Prynne's "fancy."(3) Daniel Weiss embarks on the enterprise of solidifying this distinction in the first chapter of his book titled The Critic Agonistes: Psychology, Myth, and the Art of Fiction.(4). Weiss suggests that "the literary symbol is a concrete and untranslatable presentation of an idea, or an experience that cannot find its way into consciousness except throu... ...Art of Fiction. Ed. Stephen Arkin and Eric Solomon. Seattle: U of Washington P. (1985): 21. 11. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: Ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York, New York: Bedford Books of St. Martins P., (1991): 74. 12. Weiss, Daniel. "The Critic Agonistes". The Critic Agonistes: Psychology, Myth, and the Art of Fiction. Ed. Stephen Arkin and Eric Solomon. Seattle: U of Washington P. (1985): 21. 13. Brodhead, Richard H. "New and Old Tales: The Scarlet Letter." Hawthorne, Melville, and the Novel. Chicago: U of Chicago P., (1973): 44. 14. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter: Ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York, New York: Bedford Books of St. Martins P., (1991): 58. 15. ibid. 57. 16. ibid. 112. 17. ibid. 75. 18. ibid. 75. 19. ibid. 161. 20. ibid. 154. 21. ibid. 200. 22. ibid. 201. 23. ibid. 134.   

Organisational Development Essay

Training and development is an important part of knowledge management in any given organization. For the training of staff to be effective the right instructional design model must be used. Instructional system design is a model of training, which utilizes a systematic approach to training with an aim of achieving competence through utilisation of resources available. It must be noted that in any given organization money is always a constraint and when it comes to employee training the best training model must be adapted. Instructional system design is favored over many other models in that it links training to organizational goals and as a result, it is cost effective. The workplace is increasingly becoming a place where business organizations can nurture, improve and encourage the potential and capabilities of employees. One of the most common ways in which organizations nurture these talents is by introduction of training programs which aim at preparing employees to better meet the challenges of today’s workplace. However, unless training programs are carefully constructed, such programs are unlikely to meet the demands of the market as well as individual needs of the employees and the needs of the organization. This paper discusses the important considerations worthy considering while designing training programs. Background information BBC as a company has it core values as; to inform, to educate, as well as to entertain. The vision of BBC, which entails being the most creative as well as trusted organization in the world. It is in line with the vision that a training and development strategy has been put in place. To be creative, it takes well trained staff, men and women who can forecast and remain focused in their duties. However, as (Tjepkema, 2002. 100- 130) notes, for management to perform their duties satisfactorily, they should posses the capability and means. Tjepkema, (2002. 90-94) notes that it is not the talent of employees that is important, it is how employees are helped to bring out as well as discover their talents that matters. Training and development should be geared towards making employees realize their full potential. The much experience BBC has on journalism is a positive for BBC and should be used to put the organization on a class of its own. The fact that training and development as it exists in BBC aims at offering practical education in the journalism industry is worthy mentioning. All training at BBC focuses on knowledge and skills imparting. BBC training and development has been using generally for the purpose of training operational staff. Training is also tailored to meet the ever changing needs at BBC. BBC has embraced the need for computer based programs something which is always at the centre of all training needs. There been efforts geared to meeting the fast changing needs in terms of infrastructure which can cope with today’s broadcasting practices and technology. Research and facts collection is a good step in catering for training needs and that’s evident even from the way BBC chooses its sound training facilities from electronic devices to desks. BBC ensures that all its courses lay emphasis on learning styles and flexibility. While designing the training program, it is important to bear in mind the fact that, the programs lead to the acquisition of new knowledge, change in knowledge especially in cases whereby the nature of the training is based on new skills necessary for the production functions which may require the use of new machines or different technology which the employees do not possess (Nilson, 2003. 34-35). Justification Training and learning is very relevant to today’s organizations. It helps organizations deal with talent development in the organization. As Tjepkema, et al (2002. 100- 120) notes the employees are an organization’s best asset and should be fully developed so that every single employee gives out his or her best. This is made possible by thoroughly training and employee development programs. Journalism is a fast changing business in terms of the high needs for customer satisfaction, competition as well as keeping in line with the ever-changing needs for entertainment, education as well as information. The above is challenging and any organization worthy its salt must prepare its employees for the challenge. In preparing and designing training and development practices BBC is taking the right direction. Learning in the work place has its special challenges and any good programs must factor in factors such as change in the organization and requires a combination of values, cultures and a considerable budget (Tjepkema, et al,2002. 105- 110). According to CIPD survey (2006) different organizations attach variety of importance to talent development but a big percentage (67%) believe that it leads to development of individuals who posses high potential. The report further notes that training is crucial for preparation of individuals who would take management roles in future. This is very much in line with BBC training goals which aim at developing staff into individuals who can carry out duties and responsibilities leading to customer satisfaction. In house training has been noted as the most effective method of training and development in the CIPD report of 2006. In most cases, the training targets specific groups in an organization, depending on the specific needs of every category of workers such as top company executives, middle level managers, professionals and the bottom level employees. All the above categories have very varied training needs and therefore the training programs must take into consideration such factors as; what each category of employees need. For instance, in an engineering firm, the top management may consist of administrators who are not necessarily engineering professionals, the chief executive officer who again may not be a professional as well as some managers such as the production and quality assurance managers, all of whom have different training needs. Therefore, the design of the training program must take care of each category’s special needs. The program should be designed in such a way as to match the roles and responsibilities of each employee and ensure that the training material, activities and content meet the needs, which exist for the given positions. The training should also be designed in a way in which it will take care for the employee’s past knowledge and skills. BBC has adopted in- house training strategy which is supported by yet another training and development expert (Tjepkema, et al, 2002. 100- 130) as an effective training method. However the adoption of external secondment as is evident in the BBC strategy has been criticized for being an ineffective method of training and development and it is an area where BBC should look into and perhaps change more effective practices such as coaching. The fact that BBC has identified as important, talent management is a step worthy praising. Talent management as practiced by BBC is responsible for the success of the organization as well as its position of a market leader in world’s journalism, a status which the organization enjoys as a result of being keen at staff training and development. The methods of learning are very important in the design of the training program and they should take into consideration that, employees are adults and there are some effective instructional methods, which are of preference to them. The learning process should include reinforcement of positive behaviour so as to make the learning process an effective one. In an engineering firm, most staff would need accretion, and fine-tuning of already learnt procedures (Nilson, 2003. 102). A good training program must be detailed enough to meet the goals and objectives of the organization with clear specifications of the purpose, goals and objectives of the training program. For instance, training at the bottom level of the organization is aimed at transferring new skills. This is because new technologies keep on coming especially in this age of information technology. Therefore employees need to update themselves in using the technology and especially in regard to applying the technology to speed-up production. Any effective training program must have specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound objectives in which a clear definition of the goals is given (Nilson, 2003). The employees’ needs are determined in the context of the nature of work. It is also very important for the management to define the goals of the training program in order to make sure that; the training program is aligned to the organizational values. The content of the training program as well as the learner activity, which is central to the communication of the course content, is very necessary and should be determined prior to the onset of the course. The success of a training program is not entirely dependent on organization and the content of training, but rather, on the execution and subsequent follow up after the training. This is where evaluation of the success of the training program comes in. It is imperative that management gets a feedback for the training from the participants who are usually the employees. In line with the best training and development practice BBC has invested in coaching activities and that is something to be encouraged. According to Stewart and Tansley, (2001. 18- 40) coaching activity has become one of the most favored training methods by employees due to its practicability as well as the fact that organisations can expect to see results in a short time. In addition, instructional system design is easy to apply and does not require a lot of expertise something, which means that organizations can rely on their in-house trainers to carry on training programmes within the organization. Therefore, instructional system design creates an enabling environment for continuous training which implies that organizations which settle on the instructional system design are assured of continuous business improvement without worrying about incurring costs commonly associated with other training models. Training Methods can be categorized as being either `on the job’, `off the job’ or `technology-based’. ‘On the job’ training is also referred to as ‘on the site’ training. This is the training method whereby instead of trainees moving from their workplaces to a different destination for training, the trainer comes to the workplace to train from there. Once in the workplace, the trainer together with the management can choose to train under short sessions such as during staff meetings or choose to dedicate full day to training or even choose to dedicate multiple days for the training. The exact method of delivery during the ‘on the job’ training depends on the wishes of the organization. ‘On the job’ training is associated with higher chances of success because attendance is usually higher than the other two training methods for a number of reasons. First of all, trainees do not have to incur extra costs in terms of travelling to training sites this means that ‘on the job’ training is cost-effective. Another key advantage of ‘on the job’ training is the fact that the simulation process becomes easier as trainees can easily link theoretical issues to practical issues. Suggestions BBC has not done enough to ensure talent management is handled with the standards it deserves. Although, Prince, and Stewart, (2002. 55- 72) cited in-house training as the most reliable and popular training, it should be integrated with other methods such as succession planning in order to achieve maximum effects. There is a need for planners to be aware of the effect of in house training if overused and especially in the case of BBC where in house programs have been in use for several years. Over reliance on one approach of training is likely to have reduced impact as employees are more likely to start viewing it as a boring method, something which is very likely to affect effectiveness of the training programs. Instead of over depending on one type of method, this report is of the opinion that training programs such as mentoring and buddying (Dearden, (2002. 11- 32), cross-functional approach, project assignments as well as graduate development courses would yield better results for BBC organizational training needs. However, it should be borne in mind that the more programs BBC adopts, the higher the cost of investments are likely to go up. This situation calls again for constant and regular evaluation so as to make sure the organization does not invest in ineffective programs which may end up costing the organization for nothing. According to Clatterbuck, and Meggnison, (2005. 81- 106) hybrid or integrated approaches are more effective in achieving training goals than single approaches. BBC should experiment with the now popular 360- degree feedback method in order to ensure that its training and development programs remain effective. As noted by, Clatterbuck, and Meggnison, (2005. 81- 106), it is always better if an organization could involve outside help in training. This serves two purposes; one to break the monotony of having same coaches training same trainees who become used to them used to, secondly, an organisation should aim at encouraging diversity. It is evident in (CIPD,2005. 2-39), that external secondments play critical roles in ensuring that employees interests is maintained in all training programs as well as giving employees an opportunity to learn from outside the organization. However this report would like to note the observation by (CIPD, 2005. 28- 100) that not all programs will always achieve the objectives they are designed for. Therefore there are always chances that training efforts may fail to achieve their goals. This report also commends BBC for making talent management a priority as evidenced in the budget allocation awarded to the training and development programmes. However there is a need for BBC to move from the level of policy statements to action since no matter how well intended training programmes are, all that matters in the end is how far they go in assisting the organisation achieve its training goals. This report will be incomplete without highlighting some of the barriers associated with not having an effective training and development programme. The first barrier identified in BBC is that employees have a negative attitude about training and development efforts being made by the organisation. There is considerable evidence that some employees of BBC feel that they are not being involved in designing of training programmes. Dissatisfaction is also arising concerning the criterion followed by the management when deciding which employees enroll for what courses. Dissatisfaction is also seen as emanating from the perception by some employees that they do not benefit even after training in that they never get promotions or salary increments. Therefore the report challenges the management of BBC to act very fast to stamp out this emerging dissatisfaction. Positive attitude is necessary amongst the employees of the organisation. No matter how well intended, how well funded or organized the training programmes are, if the attitude amongst the beneficiaries is negative, the training is likely to be ineffective and even counter productive. It is suggested here that BBC should move fast to include all staff members in the designing and planning of the training and development. This will in turn result into a positive attitude from the employees pertaining to training and development initiatives in BBC. Conclusion To keep a business organization on the top of the market needs well-trained employees. However the training programs cost companies a lot of money and therefore should be aligned and designed so as to make them effective and efficient. A good training program is only made possible by conducting a careful organizational analysis, determination of training needs as well as the execution of the training process and the follow up to the training. The follow up is necessary as a measure aimed at sustaining the gains made by the training programs.

The Role of Imagination in The Playboy of Western World by...

Imagination according to Oxford English Dictionary is defined as â€Å"the minds creativity and resourcefulness to invent images which have the tendency to form ideas which do not correspond to reality.† In â€Å"The Playboy of Western World† by John Millington Synge, the presence of imagination directs the outcome of the play. Synge uses Christy as a substitution to the existence of boredom, fear and insecurity. Christy gave a remark â€Å"I did not then. I just riz the loy and let fall the edge of it on the ridge of his skull, and he went down at my feet like an empty sack, and never let a grunt or groan from him at all.† Synge uses â€Å"just riz and loy† to describe the size of the weapon and emphasis the characters braveness for using such slight†¦show more content†¦Synge introduces Christy during this period in Mayo as a hero because of the colonial condition and the need for a brave man to face them. Christy becomes a sexual symbol in co unty Mayo and his heroic presence awakens the desires of women. Sara, Tansey, Susan, Honor Blake and Nelly brings gifts to Christy like the wise men in the bible in other to gain his attention. Honor said â€Å"Well, it’ll be a hard case if he’s gone off now, the way we’ll never set our eyes on a man killed his father, and we after rising early and destroying ourselves running fast on the hill.† Synge’s word choice â€Å"never set our eyes on a man killed his father† indicates the isolation of people in the western word. Christy’s tale about killing his father has spread so fast that even people located on the hills run to listen to him retell the incident and present him with gifts. His imagination of becoming well known, respected and feared grows as he receives countless attention from the girls in the society. It can be said that Synge is comparing Christy to the Jesus. This is because according to the bible, after the birth of J esus, the wise men brought gifts to Jesus and worship him because he was the new born savior. The village girls are worshiping Christy because he is a new hero and a protector for them. Synge makes a comparison to how Christy was treated in his own society to this new society. It is a result of those treatments that he is fascinated with the